S32205 Duplex 2205 tšepe e sa hloekang metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale Tšusumetso ea bolelele ba capillary ho litšobotsi tsa sehatsetsing se nang le tikoloho R152a ka lihatsetsing tsa malapa.

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Litlhaloso - Duplex 2205

• ASTM: A790, A815, A182
• ASME: SA790, SA815, SA182

Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale - Duplex 2205

Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng - Duplex 2205

Tse ling tsa lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa duplex steel grade 2205 li thathamisitsoe ka tlase:

• Lisebelisoa tsa mocheso, li-tubes le liphaephe bakeng sa tlhahiso le ho sebetsana le khase le oli
• Lisebelisoa tsa mocheso le liphaephe ka limela tsa desalination
• Lijana tsa khatello, liphaephe, litanka le lisebelisoa tsa mocheso bakeng sa ho sebetsa le ho tsamaisa lik'hemik'hale tse sa tšoaneng
• Lijana tsa khatello, litanka le lipeipi liindastering tsa tšebetso tse sebetsanang le li-chloride
• Lirotha, li-fan, shafts le meqolo ea khatiso moo matla a mokhathala a phahameng a ka sebelisoang.
• Litanka tsa thepa, lipeipi le lisebelisoa tsa ho cheselletsa litanka tsa lik'hemik'hale

Lintho Tsa 'Mele

Thepa ea 'mele ea litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa sehlopha sa 2205 li thathamisitsoe ka tlase.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa lapeng hangata li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa capillary.Tšebeliso ea li-spiral capillaries e felisa tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse bobebe tsa sehatsetsi tsamaisong.Khatello ea capillary e itšetlehile haholo ka likarolo tsa geometry ea capillary, joalo ka bolelele, bophara ba karolelano le sebaka se pakeng tsa tsona.Sengoliloeng sena se shebana le phello ea bolelele ba capillary ts'ebetsong ea sistimi.Li-capillaries tse tharo tsa bolelele bo fapaneng li ile tsa sebelisoa litekong.Lintlha tsa R152a li ile tsa hlahlojoa tlas'a maemo a fapaneng ho hlahloba phello ea bolelele bo fapaneng.Bokhoni bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa bo finyelloa ka mocheso oa evaporator oa -12 ° C le bolelele ba capillary ea 3.65 m.Liphetho li bonts'a hore ts'ebetso ea sistimi e eketseha ka bolelele ba capillary ho fihla ho 3.65 m ha e bapisoa le 3.35 m le 3.96 m.Ka hona, ha bolelele ba capillary bo eketseha ka tekanyo e itseng, ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea eketseha.Liphetho tsa liteko li bapisoa le liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Sehatsetsi ke sesebelisoa sa sehatsetsi se kenyelletsang phaposi e sirelelitsoeng, 'me sistimi ea sehatsetsi ke sistimi e etsang hore ho be le moea o pholileng ka har'a phaposi ea insulated.Ho pholisa ho hlalosoa joalo ka mokhoa oa ho tlosa mocheso sebakeng kapa nthong e itseng le ho fetisetsa mocheso oo sebakeng kapa nthong e 'ngoe.Hona joale lihatsetsi li sebelisoa haholo ho boloka lijo tse senyehang mochesong oa mocheso, ho senyeha ha baktheria le mekhoa e meng e lieha haholo lihatsetsing tse tlaase tsa mocheso.Lihatsetsi ke maro a sebetsang a sebelisoang e le lithako tsa mocheso kapa lihatsetsi mekhoeng ea sehatsetsi.Lihatsetsi li bokella mocheso ka ho fetoha mouoane mochesong o tlaase le khatello ebe lia kokobela ka mocheso o phahameng le khatello, ebe li ntša mocheso.Kamore e bonahala e ntse e pholile ha mocheso o tsoa sehatsetsing.Ts'ebetso ea ho pholisa e etsahala tsamaisong e nang le compressor, condenser, capillary tubes le evaporator.Lihatsetsi ke lisebelisoa tsa sehatsetsi tse sebelisoang thutong ena.Lihatsetsi li sebelisoa haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, ’me sesebelisoa sena se fetohile tlhokahalo ea lelapa.Lihatsetsi tsa morao-rao li sebetsa hantle haholo, empa lipatlisiso tsa ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso li ntse li tsoela pele.Phoso e ka sehloohong ea R134a ke hore ha e tsejoe e le chefo empa e na le matla a phahameng haholo a Global Warming Potential (GWP).R134a bakeng sa lihatsetsi tsa malapa e kenyelelitsoe Tumellanong ea Kyoto ea Tumellano ea Leano la Machaba a Kopaneng mabapi le Phetoho ea Tlelaemete1,2.Leha ho le joalo, ka hona, tšebeliso ea R134a e lokela ho fokotsoa haholo3.Ho latela pono ea tikoloho, ea lichelete le ea bophelo bo botle, ho bohlokoa ho fumana lihatsetsi tse tlase tse futhumatsang lefatše4.Liphuputso tse 'maloa li pakile hore R152a ke sehatsetsi se baballang tikoloho.Mohanraj et al.5 ba ile ba etsa lipatlisiso ka monyetla oa khopolo-taba oa ho sebelisa R152a le lihatsetsi tsa hydrocarbon ka lihatsetsing tsa lapeng.Li-hydrocarbons li fumanoe li sa sebetse joalo ka lihatsetsi tse ikemetseng.R152a e baballa matla le ho baballa tikoloho ho feta lihatsetsi tsa ho tsoa.Bolaji le ba bang6.Ts'ebetso ea lihatsetsi tse tharo tsa HFC tse baballang tikoloho e ile ea bapisoa ka sehatsetsing se hatellang mouoane.Ba fihletse qeto ya hore R152a e ka sebediswa mekgweng ya ho hatella mouoane mme e ka nkela R134a sebaka.R32 e na le bofokoli bo kang ba motlakase o phahameng le coefficient e tlase ea ts'ebetso (COP).Bolaji et al.7 e ile ea etsa liteko tsa R152a le R32 e le sebaka sa R134a ka lihatsetsing tsa malapa.Ho ea ka liphuputso, karolelano ea katleho ea R152a e ka holimo ho 4.7% ho feta ea R134a.Cabello et al.e lekiloeng R152a le R134a ka thepa ea sehatsetsing e nang le li-compressor tsa hermetic.8. Bolaji et al9 ba ile ba lekola sehatsetsi sa R152a ka har'a lits'ebetso tsa lihatsetsi.Ba fihletse qeto ya hore R152a ke yona e baballang matla ka ho fetisisa, e nang le matla a ho phodisa a tlase ka 10.6% ka tone ho feta R134a e fetileng.R152a e bonts'a matla a holimo a ho pholisa a volumetric le bokhoni.Chavkhan et al.10 ba ile ba hlahloba litšobotsi tsa R134a le R152a.Phuputsong ea lihatsetsi tse peli, R152a e fumanoe e le eona e baballang matla ka ho fetisisa.R152a e sebetsa hantle ka 3.769% ho feta R134a mme e ka sebediswa e le phetolo e tobileng.Bolaji et al.11 ba entse lipatlisiso ka lihatsetsi tse fapaneng tsa GWP tse tlase e le tse nkelang sebaka sa R134a lits'ebetsong tsa lihatsetsi ka lebaka la matla a tsona a tlase a ho futhumala ha lefatše.Har'a lihatsetsi tse hlahlobiloeng, R152a e na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea matla, e fokotsang tšebeliso ea motlakase ka tone e le 'ngoe ea sehatsetsi ka 30.5% ha e bapisoa le R134a.Ho ea ka bangoli, R161 e hloka ho hlophisoa bocha pele e ka sebelisoa ho nkela sebaka.Mosebetsi o fapaneng oa liteko o 'nile oa etsoa ke bafuputsi ba bangata ba lihatsetsi tsa malapeng ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-GWP tse tlaase le li-R134a tse kopantsoeng le tsamaiso ea sehatsetsing e le phetisetso e tlang ea tsamaiso ea sehatsetsi12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20, 21, 22, 23 Baskaran et al.24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 ba ithutile ts'ebetso ea lihatsetsi tse 'maloa tse se nang tikoloho le ho kopana ha tsona le R134a e le mokhoa o mong o ka sebelisoang bakeng sa liteko tse fapaneng tsa khatello ea mouoane.Tsamaiso.Tiwari et al.36 e sebelisitse liteko le tlhahlobo ea CFD ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea li-capillary tubes tse nang le lihatsetsi tse fapaneng le bophara ba tube.Sebelisa software ea ANSYS CFX bakeng sa tlhahlobo.Moralo o motle ka ho fetisisa oa spiral coil o khothaletsoa.Punia et al.16 o ile a batlisisa phello ea bolelele ba capillary, bophara le bophara ba coil ho phallo e boima ea sehatsetsi sa LPG ka khoele e spiral.Ho ea ka liphello tsa thuto, ho fetola bolelele ba capillary ho tloha ho 4.5 ho isa ho 2.5 m ho lumella ho eketsa phallo ea boima ka karolelano ea 25%.Söylemez et al.16 ba entse tlhahlobo ea CFD ea phaposi e ncha ea sehatsetsing (DR) a sebelisa mefuta e meraro e fapaneng ea moferefere (viscous) ho fumana temohisiso ka lebelo la ho pholisa la phaposi e ncha le kabo ea mocheso moeeng le phaposing nakong ea ho kenya.Boprofeta ba mofuta o ntlafalitsoeng oa CFD bo bontša ka ho hlaka phallo ea moea le maemo a mocheso ka har'a FFC.
Sengoliloeng sena se tšohla liphetho tsa phuputso ea liteko ho fumana ts'ebetso ea lihatsetsi tsa malapa tse sebelisang sehatsetsi sa R152a, se baballang tikoloho 'me se se nang kotsi ea monyetla oa ho senyeha ha ozone (ODP).
Phuputsong ena, li-capillaries tsa 3.35 m, 3.65 m le 3.96 m li khethiloe e le libaka tsa tlhahlobo.Liteko li ile tsa etsoa ka sehatsetsi se tlase sa R152a sehatsetsing 'me ho ile ha baloa litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso.Boitšoaro ba sehatsetsi ka har'a capillary bo ile ba hlahlobjoa ho sebelisoa software ea CFD.Liphetho tsa CFD li ile tsa bapisoa le liphetho tsa liteko.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 1, u ka bona senepe sa sehatsetsi sa lehae sa lilithara tse 185 se sebelisetsoang thuto.E na le mouoane, kompressor e khutlisang ea hermetic le condenser e pholileng ka moea.Li-gauge tse 'ne tsa khatello li kentsoe setsing sa compressor inlet, condenser inlet le evaporator outlet.Ho thibela ho thothomela nakong ea tlhahlobo, limithara tsena li kentsoe liphanele.Ho bala mocheso oa thermocouple, lithapo tsohle tsa thermocouple li hokahane le sekenara sa thermocouple.Lisebelisoa tse leshome tsa ho lekanya mocheso li kentsoe moo ho kenang mouoane oa mouoane, ho suction ea compressor, discharge ea compressor, phaposi ea sehatsetsi le seketsoana, seketsoana sa condenser, phaposi ea sehatsetsi le sehokelo sa condenser.Matla a motlakase le tšebeliso ea hona joale e boetse e tlalehoa.Flowmeter e kopantsoeng le karolo ea phala e behiloe holim'a boto ea lehong.Lirekoto li bolokoa metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 10 ho sebelisoa yuniti ea Human Machine Interface (HMI).Khalase ea mahlo e sebelisetsoa ho lekola ho tšoana ha phallo ea condensate.
Selec MFM384 ammeter e nang le motlakase oa 100-500 V e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya matla le matla.Boema-kepe ba lits'ebeletso tsa sistimi bo kentsoe ka holim'a compressor bakeng sa ho tjhaja le ho nchafatsa sehatsetsing.Mohato oa pele ke ho ntša mongobo tsamaisong ka boema-kepe ba litšebeletso.Ho tlosa tšilafalo efe kapa efe tsamaisong, e hlatsoe ka naetrojene.Sistimi e qosoa ka pompo ea vacuum, e ntšang yuniti ho khatello ea -30 mmHg.Letlapa la 1 le thathamisa litšoaneleho tsa mochini oa tlhahlobo ea sehatsetsing sa lapeng, 'me Lethathamo la 2 le thathamisa litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng, hammoho le mefuta ea tsona le ho nepahala.
Litšobotsi tsa lihatsetsi tse sebelisoang ka har'a lihatsetsi le lihatsetsi li bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 3.
Teko e entsoe ho latela likhothaletso tsa ASHRAE Handbook 2010 tlasa maemo a latelang:
Ho feta moo, haeba ho ka etsahala, ho ile ha etsoa licheke ho netefatsa hore liphetho li tla tsoakoa hape.Hafeela maemo a ts'ebetso a ntse a tsitsitse, mocheso, khatello, phallo ea sehatsetsing le tšebeliso ea matla li tlalehoa.Mocheso, khatello, matla, matla le phallo li lekanngoa ho fumana hore na tsamaiso e sebetsa joang.Fumana phello ea ho pholisa le katleho bakeng sa phallo e khethehileng ea boima le matla ka mocheso o itseng.
U sebelisa CFD ho hlahloba phallo ea mekhahlelo e 'meli ka sehatsetsing sa spiral coil, phello ea bolelele ba capillary e ka baloa habonolo.Tlhahlobo ea CFD e etsa hore ho be bonolo ho latela motsamao oa likaroloana tsa mokelikeli.Sehatsetsi se fetang ka hare ho spiral coil se ile sa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lenaneo la CFD FLUENT.Letlapa la 4 le bonts'a litekanyo tsa li-coil tsa capillary.
FLUENT software mesh simulator e tla hlahisa mohlala oa moralo oa sebopeho le mesh (Lipalo 2, 3 le 4 li bonts'a mofuta oa ANSYS Fluent).Bophahamo ba mokelikeli oa phala bo sebelisoa ho theha letlooeng la moeli.Ena ke marang-rang a sebelisoang thutong ena.
Moetso oa CFD o entsoe ho sebelisoa sethala sa ANSYS FLUENT.Ho emetsoe feela bokahohle ba mokelikeli o tsamaeang, kahoo ho phalla ha noha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea capillary ho etsoa mohlala ho latela bophara ba capillary.
Moetso oa GEOMETRY o kentsoe kantle ho lenaneo la ANSYS MESH.ANSYS e ngola khoutu moo ANSYS e leng motsoako oa mefuta le maemo a eketsehileng a moeli.Ka feiga.4 e bonts'a mohlala oa pipe-3 (3962.4 mm) ho ANSYS FLUENT.Likarolo tsa Tetrahedral li fana ka ho tšoana ho phahameng, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 5. Ka mor'a ho theha letlooeng le ka sehloohong, faele e bolokiloe e le letlooeng.Lehlakore la khoele le bitsoa seketsoana, ha lehlakore le shebaneng le shebane le sebaka sa ho tsoa.Lifahleho tsena tse chitja li bolokiloe e le mabota a phala.Mecha ea litaba ea metsi e sebelisoa ho aha mehlala.
Ho sa tsotelehe hore na mosebelisi o ikutloa joang ka khatello, tharollo e ile ea khethoa mme khetho ea 3D ea khethoa.Mokhoa oa ho fehla motlakase o kentsoe tšebetsong.
Ha phallo e nkoa e le moferefere, ha e na moeli haholo.Ka hona, phallo ea K-epsilon e khethiloe.
Haeba ho khethoa mofuta o mong o boletsoeng ke mosebelisi, tikoloho e tla ba: E hlalosa thepa ea thermodynamic ea R152a sehatsetsing.Litšobotsi tsa foromo li bolokoa joalo ka lintho tsa database.
Maemo a leholimo a lula a sa fetohe.Ho ile ha khethoa lebelo la ho kena, khatello ea 12.5 bar le mocheso oa 45 ° C.
Qetellong, ka nako ea leshome le metso e mehlano, tharollo e lekoa 'me e kopana ka lekhetlo la leshome le metso e mehlano, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 7.
Ke mokhoa oa ho etsa 'mapa le ho sekaseka liphetho.Khatello ea moralo le li-loops tsa data tsa mocheso u sebelisa Monitor.Ka mor'a moo, khatello eohle le mocheso le litekanyetso tsa mocheso o akaretsang li khethoa.Lintlha tsena li bontša ho theoha ha khatello ea kakaretso ho pholletsa le li-coil (1, 2 le 3) litšoantšong tsa 1 le 2. 7, 8 le 9 ka ho latellana.Liphetho tsena li ntšitsoe ho tsoa lenaneong le sa sebetseng.
Ka feiga.10 e bonts'a phetoho ea katleho bakeng sa bolelele bo fapaneng ba mouoane le capillary.Joalokaha ho ka bonoa, ts'ebetso e eketseha ka mocheso o ntseng o eketseha oa mouoane.Matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa le a tlaase ka ho fetisisa a ile a fumanoa ha a fihla li-capillary spans tsa 3.65 m le 3.96 m.Haeba bolelele ba capillary bo eketseha ka tekanyo e itseng, katleho e tla fokotseha.
Phetoho ea matla a ho pholisa ka lebaka la maemo a fapaneng a mocheso oa mouoane le bolelele ba capillary e bontšoa feiga.11. Phello ea capillary e lebisa ho fokotseha ha matla a pholileng.Botlaaseng ba ho pholisa bo fihlelleha sebakeng se belang sa -16°C.Matla a ho pholisa a maholo ka ho fetisisa a bonoa ho li-capillaries tse bolelele ba hoo e ka bang 3.65 m le mocheso oa -12 ° C.
Ka feiga.12 e bonts'a ho its'etleha ha matla a compressor bolelele ba capillary le mocheso oa mouoane.Ntle le moo, graph e bonts'a hore matla a fokotseha ka bolelele bo ntseng bo eketseha ba capillary le ho fokotsa mocheso oa mouoane.Mocheng oa mocheso oa -16 ° C, matla a tlase a compressor a fumanoa ka bolelele ba capillary ea 3.96 m.
Lintlha tse teng tsa liteko li sebelisitsoe ho netefatsa liphetho tsa CFD.Tekong ena, litekanyo tsa ho kenya tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ketsiso ea liteko li sebelisoa papisong ea CFD.Liphetho tse fumanoeng li bapisoa le boleng ba khatello e tsitsitseng.Liphetho tse fumanoeng li bontša hore khatello e tsitsitseng ha u tsoa ho capillary e tlase ho feta monyako oa tube.Liphetho tsa liteko li bontša hore ho eketsa bolelele ba capillary ho isa moeling o itseng ho fokotsa ho theoha ha khatello.Ho phaella moo, ho fokotseha ha khatello ea static pakeng tsa ho kena le ho tsoa ha capillary ho eketsa katleho ea tsamaiso ea sehatsetsing.Liphetho tse fumanoeng tsa CFD li lumellana hantle le liphetho tse teng tsa liteko.Liphetho tsa liteko li bontšoa ho Litšoantšo tsa 1 le 2. 13, 14, 15 le 16. Li-capillari tse tharo tsa bolelele bo fapaneng li sebelisitsoe thutong ena.Bolelele ba tube ke 3.35m, 3.65m le 3.96m.Ho ile ha hlokomeloa hore ho theoha ha khatello ea static pakeng tsa capillary inlet le ho tsoa ho ile ha eketseha ha bolelele ba tube bo fetoloa ho 3.35m.Hape hlokomela hore khatello ea ho tsoa ka har'a capillary e eketseha ka boholo ba pipe ea 3.35 m.
Ho phaella moo, khatello ea khatello pakeng tsa ho kena le ho tsoa ha capillary e fokotseha ha boholo ba phala bo eketseha ho tloha ho 3.35 ho ea ho 3.65 m.Ho ile ha hlokomeloa hore khatello ea ho tsoa ha capillary e theohile haholo ho tsoa.Ka lebaka lena, katleho e eketseha ka bolelele ba capillary ena.Ho phaella moo, ho eketsa bolelele ba phala ho tloha ho 3.65 ho ea ho 3.96 m hape ho fokotsa ho theoha ha khatello.Ho 'nile ha hlokomeloa hore ka bolelele bona khatello e theoha ka tlaase ho tekanyo e nepahetseng.Sena se fokotsa COP ea sehatsetsing.Ka hona, li-loops tsa khatello ea static li bontša hore 3.65 m capillary e fana ka ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ka sehatsetsing.Ho phaella moo, ho eketseha ha khatello ea khatello ho eketsa tšebeliso ea matla.
Ho latela liphetho tsa liteko, ho ka bonoa hore matla a ho pholisa a sehatsetsi sa R152a a fokotseha ka bolelele ba liphaephe tse ntseng li eketseha.Khoeli ea pele e na le matla a holimo ka ho fetisisa a ho pholisa (-12°C) 'me khoele ea boraro e na le matla a tlaase a ho pholisa (-16°C).Bokhoni bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa bo fihlelleha mochesong oa mouoane oa -12 °C le bolelele ba capillary ea 3.65 m.Matla a compressor a fokotseha ha bolelele ba capillary bo ntse bo eketseha.Motlakase oa ho kenya motlakase o ka holimo ho mocheso oa mouoane oa -12 °C le bonyane ho -16 °C.Bapisa CFD le likhatello tsa khatello ea tlase bakeng sa bolelele ba capillary.Ho ka bonoa hore maemo a tšoana maemong ao ka bobeli.Liphetho li bonts'a hore ts'ebetso ea sistimi e eketseha ha bolelele ba capillary bo ntse bo eketseha ho 3.65 m ha bo bapisoa le 3.35 m le 3.96 m.Ka hona, ha bolelele ba capillary bo eketseha ka tekanyo e itseng, ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea eketseha.
Le hoja ts'ebeliso ea CFD indastering ea mocheso le limela tsa motlakase e tla ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea matla le fisiks ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea mocheso, mefokolo e hloka nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea CFD e potlakileng, e bonolo, le e theko e tlaase.Sena se tla re thusa ho ntlafatsa le ho rala lisebelisoa tse teng.Tsoelo-pele ea software ea CFD e tla lumella moralo oa boiketsetso le ntlafatso, 'me ho theoa ha li-CFD ka Marang-rang ho tla eketsa ho fumaneha ha thekenoloji.Likhatelo-pele tsena kaofela li tla thusa CFD hore e be tšimo e hōlileng tsebong le sesebelisoa se matla sa boenjiniere.Kahoo, ts'ebeliso ea CFD ho boenjiniere ba mocheso e tla pharalla le ho potlaka nakong e tlang.
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Mohanraj M, Jayaraj S le Muralidharan S. Tekolo e bapisoang ea mekhoa e meng e baballang tikoloho ho fapana le sehatsetsi sa R134a ka lihatsetsing tsa malapa.matla a matla.1(3), 189–198.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-008-9012-z (2008).
Bolaji BO, Akintunde MA le Falade, Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso e bapisoang ea lihatsetsi tse tharo tsa HFC tse sebelisang ozone ka har'a lihatsetsi tse hatellang mouoane.http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1231 (2011).
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